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When operating an AC machine on a variable frequency drive, the most common approach is to mimic the DC curves. This is done by using a constant volt/hertz ratio until a "base" speed is achieved at rated terminal volts. Typically, this occurs at line frequency. For "extended" or "field weakening" operation, the terminal voltage is held constant and the applied frequency allowed to increase to obtain the desired speed.
Soft starter allows the output voltage decreases gradually to achieve soft stop, in order to protect the equipment. Such as the impact of the water pump, when the pump stops suddenly, the water flow inertia in the pipe will raise the pipe and valves pressure suddenly and cause pipeline damaged. Soft stop to extend parking time will solve such the impact.
Soft Starter reduces electric motor starting current to 2-4 times during motor start up, reduces the impact to power grid during motor start up, avoid the motor being burned out, and provide protection in motors running process.
Variable Frequency Drive allows the electric motor smooth start up, control startup current growing from zero to motor rated current...
PG is short for Pulse Generator, generally it is used for measuring rotational speed. The most common PG card is optical encoder.
PG card is a part of vector variable frequency drive, to convert the encoder different form signals to suitable for the controller, like: electrical level conversion, analog digital conversion, optical isolation, etc.
Soft starters and variable frequency drives are two different purpose products. VFD is for AC motor speed control, it's not only change the output voltage but also change the frequency; Soft starter is a regulator actually for motor starting, just changing the output voltage. Variable frequency drive has all the features of soft starters, but the price is much more expensive than the soft starter and the structure is much more complex.
Synchronous motors generally offer more efficiency than induction ones, and hence in higher ratings (about 5000 hp and higher) they may be more cost effective considering Life Cycle Costs. The exact size of preference to switch to Synchronous shall be determined based on LCC analysis of specific application.
Gozuk Service Gozuk Blog: all about electric motor control & drives industries development in energy saving applications.

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Like pumps, fans consume significant electrical energy while serving several applications. In many plants, the VFDs (variable ... energy consumedA frequency inverter controls AC motor speed. The frequency inverter converts the fixed supply frequency (60 Hz) to a ... Motor starter (also known as soft starter, motor soft starter) is a electronic device integrates soft start, soft stop, ... Soft starter allows the output voltage decreases gradually to achieve soft stop, in order to protect the equipment. Such as the ... Soft Starter reduces electric motor starting current to 2-4 times during motor start up, reduces the impact to power grid during ...

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