Most electric motors that suffer variations in Load already have variable frequency drives, we have capacitors installed in general switchboard to correct the reactive energy and so on. I did a discretization of the electrical consumption by product type, during this energy survey I noticed that in most motors Amperage THD was high, above 40%. I would like to know what effect does it have on efficiency and possible causes and solutions.
It depends on so much more than the simple requirements listed of high starting torque and variable speed. What kind of application are you using it for? Is it on an automobile (where you have DC already), a factory, and do you have the budget and/or space for a variable frequency drive. A synchronous servo motor gives great dynamic control and great starting torque per volume, but its speed range is limited (unless you're field weakening by the back EMF). Servo-motors are also the most expensive due to their position sensors and more intelligent drives.
We should select a drive (direct/flexible, chain, flat/vee/ribbed belt, gearbox, vfd, rope, close couples etc) depending on the characteristics of load(speed, torque, power, fluctuating, periodical, constant, fan, pump, hoist, crane, reversing, braking, plugging, regenerating etc) and motor selection(squirrel cage or slip ring or design A,B,C,D etc and NEMA motor code letter A to V) as well as method of starting, DOL, star-delta, AT, primary R/X, shunt capacitor, soft start). The motor/starter/drive characteristics should match that of the load. Design and factors to be considered in selection.
When the transition between wye and delta takes place, be very sure that that the mechanical interlocks on the contractors are properly adjusted. If one doesn't completely open before the other closes, you have a line to line fault. That will eventually take out the upstream breaker. Be careful, this is a very dangerous starter. I have been done this road many times.
If you're planning to use a Soft Starter or VFD for motor starting, you need to specify the horsepower rating, voltage rating, rated frequency, the type of motor (induction wound rotor or induction squirrel cage), the type of motor load (compressor, pump), motor load starting torque requirement and motor loading cycle. This information is important in selecting the type or model of the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) or Soft Starter unit.
I currently work for a small utility with a small amount of underground installations but a lot of it is aging and failing during weather changes. I am curious as to why it happens during weather changes and if there are scientific facts that can support it? Is there a way to predict when a cable will fail based on weather patterns?
Why are you going to use VFD, variable frequency drives are expensive. What is the application?
If the application require fix speed / rate Soft Start device is required.
However, if there might be frequent start stop (Power OFF/ON) AC Contractor Duty AC3 are recommended to be used to bypass the Soft Starter or Static device once the required motor speed is reached and then Start/stop have no impact on the installation.
If the application require fix speed / rate Soft Start device is required.
However, if there might be frequent start stop (Power OFF/ON) AC Contractor Duty AC3 are recommended to be used to bypass the Soft Starter or Static device once the required motor speed is reached and then Start/stop have no impact on the installation.
For the "Y-Y- Delta" transformers operated in parallel, there exist two kinds of the circulating currents between the tanks and between the banks of the delta side. As the circulating current between the tanks is 90 degree out of phase of the load current, it is estimated by decomposing the line current into the component 90 degree out of phase of the load current. The circulating current between the banks in the delta side is estimated from the delta winding current and the line currents.
Before breaker's selecting for your electrical system, you need to calculate value of expected short circuit current at the place of breaker's installation. Then you need to calculate value of heat pulse and 1s current (expected value of current during one second). After that you need to calculate power of breaker and finally, after all, you can select appropriate breaker. Values of characteristics of selected breaker need to be higher from calculated values of characteristics of your power system.
We have system which is connected to 16kV/2.4 utility transformer (delta on secondary) and we are using 2.kV/480V transformer for loads after 2000ft. Utility wants to protect against ground fault in the system. I am planning to select a ground over voltage relay using a broken delta PTs on secondary. I am having problem with calculating the 3Vo value, How much voltage will you set to trip the relay for SLG or LLG fault.
If current will flow in positive direction then the relay will behave as a Normal over current relay and if current will flow in negative direction then the relay will behave as a Directional over current relay.....Why the angle between healthy line voltage and fault current is required for sensing the direction??
High Resistance Ground will limit the current to about 5 amps. The good news is that it no longer be necessary to trip on a ground fault. The bad news is that you may not connect any single phase loads to that substation. If the single phase loads are an issue, it may be possible to support all those loads with one or two feeders. In that situation, an isolation transformer is added to create a separately derived ground.
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