There being a lot more than 12 guidelines to follow. In my experience, there are plenty of people that can design a panel but if they haven't gone to the field with it then they haven't been able to learn from their design mistakes.The best thing you can do is start your design but you really need to be guided by an experienced designer.
My cable size and transformer size should give me maximum 3% on the worst 6% to 10%. If it is the single only equipment on the system then maybe you can tolerate 15%. If not, dip factor may affect sensitive equipment and lighting.
Grounding impedance of the transformer and building ground rods is mainly for voltage stabilization and under normal conditions should have nothing to do with our return ground fault current. See NEC 250.1 (5) "The earth shall not be considered as an effective ground-fault current path."
I don't believe the interchangeable battery pack idea is workable. Who is going to own the battery packs and build the charging stations? And what happens if you get to a charging station with a nearly dead battery and there is no charged battery available?
Remote diagnostic is a must now a days. All CNC machines must be able to undergo remote access to undergo diagnostic and it must be two way. The problem mostly with remote diagnostic is it has to be two way and you have to have a qualified technician or an operator who is well verse with machine operations and its features, always on your machine he must be trained on how to be able to recover from lost of communication and the most important is to be able to engage E-stop when needed.
Manufacturers are able to achieve exceptional density by virtue of High frequency resonant topologies, but they have to achieve high efficiencies too; Else, they will generate so much heat that they cannot meet UL/IEC safety requirements.
In some cases, they will leave the thermal problem to the user. Usually, the first few paragraphs of any reference design discusses the tradeoffs.
We can see that the hysteretic controller is a special case of other control techniques. For example, "sliding mode control" usually uses two state variables to determine one switching variable (switch ON or OFF). So the hysteretic controller is a special case of "1-dimensional" sliding mode.
There are three different more or less widely used types of constant on-time control. The first one is where the off-time is varied with an error signal. A loop with this type of control has a control-to-output voltage frequency response (or Bode plot if you prefer) similar to that of the constant-frequency voltage-mode control.
Had run into a very serious field failure issue a decade ago due to IXYS FETs used in a phase-shifted ZVS bridge topology. Eventually, the problem was tracked to failure of the FETs' body diode when the unit operated at higher ambient temperature.
The trend toward lower losses in power converters is not apparent in all of the applications of power converters. It is also not apparent that the power converter solution and its losses for a given market will be the same when it comes to losses. In terms of the market shift that you mention, Prof. the answer is probably that each market is becoming split into a lower efficiency and higher efficiency solution.
I would like to share these tips with everybody.
A current mode controlled flyback converter always becomes unstable at low load due to the unavoidable leading edge current spike. It is not normally dangerous but as a design engineer I don’t like to look at it and listen to it.
Very few know about the Right Half Plane Pole (not a RHP-Zero) at high duty cycle in a DCM buck with current mode control. Maybe because it is not really a problem.
It is said that this instability starts above 2/3 duty cycle – I think that must be with a resistive load. If loaded with a pure current source, it starts above 50% duty cycle.
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In Discussion
what is difference between grounding and earthing?
3 phase AC/DC flyback input series resistor
Motor Space Heater requirement !
Setting up 1 MW Hybrid Solar-Biomass Power Plant - Grid connected
Lighting wires(120V) and control cable(12 V)
earthing design
grounding
Non Contact sensor to detect direction of rotation of Fan blades
3 phase AC/DC flyback input series resistor
Motor Space Heater requirement !
Setting up 1 MW Hybrid Solar-Biomass Power Plant - Grid connected
Lighting wires(120V) and control cable(12 V)
earthing design
grounding
Non Contact sensor to detect direction of rotation of Fan blades
